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"And in the course of doing that, you and I together I guess you would say, we decide, 'well, I thought I had inner speech, but I really don't.'" When he asked them for the specific words or sentences, many came up blank. In his research, he found that most subjects struggled to articulate the way they were talking to themselves. He says one key takeaway was that, "You can't expect a good answer on the first day." Essentially, it takes a day or two of DES training before people to find ways to focus on and express what they're experiencing in a given moment. Were they visualizing something? Experiencing a tactile sensation? Feeling an emotion? This line of inquiry is called Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES). Later, researchers asked the students questions to better understand how the students were thinking when the beepers sounded. This was intentional, so that the research subjects would forget that they had them (and thus, not contaminate their thinking processes with thoughts about the experiment). They were instructed to try and clarify what was happening in their minds at that instant. Each time the beeper went off, he asked subjects to make notes about their experiences in that moment.Īs students went about their days, the beepers would go off at random times.

So, Hurlburt, who has an engineering background, designed and patented a device that beeped at irregular intervals. He thought beepers of some kind might work, but back then, there were no cell phones or pagers. "The object of my research is not to explore inner speech or inner monologue or whatever you want to call it, but to explore your experience as it actually is," says Hurlburt. As a graduate student in the early '70s, he began wondering how scientists could investigate subjects' pristine inner experiences, experiences that are in your present consciousness, before your brain has tried to make sense of them or assigned them some sort of interpretation. Regarding the viral kerfuffle over the inner speech haves and have nots, he chuckles a bit and says he frequently hears people claim that they have an ever-present inner monologue – but his experiments show that this is not always true.īut rather than argue with them, he says, "Well, let's find out." For decades, he's been doing experiments on people's inner experiences, their thoughts, feelings and sensations. What is a first person monologue?įirst-person interior monologue, however, implies retrospection (Cohn 14), a re-creation of earlier memory, implying both a narrative distance from that earlier self and the possibility for a dynamic rearranging of memories.Russell Hurlburt is a psychology professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. You Don't Always Need an Internal Monologue.It is always advised to add some details to the feelings and thoughts of your characters to show how they are feeling rather than spelling. First things first, you must choose the right time to insert a character's internal monologue. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a literary attempt to present the mental processes of a character before they are formed into regular patterns of speech or logical sequence. What is interior monologue in literature?

An interior monologue may be either direct or indirect: direct, in which the author seems not to exist and the interior self. In both fiction and nonfiction, an interior monologue is the expression of a character 's thoughts, feelings, and impressions in a narrative. Frequently Asked Questions What is an interior monologue?